Musicista, poeta e architetto, Antonio Infantino, il grande interprete del rito pagano della taranta e di altri antichi misteri che sono stati la sua passione, era una forza primordiale della natura e un visionario in cerca di liberazione. L'ho sentito suonare molte volte e abbiamo suonato insieme sul palco del Folkstudio di Roma in diverse occasioni. Le sue esibizioni da solo, o con il suo gruppo, erano vulcaniche. La sua voce, con la sua fantastica vitalità ed energia, era diversa da qualsiasi altra voce che abbia mai sentito. Mentre la sua musica aveva radici millenarie solide come il ferro, era un’effettiva onda di emozioni intrinsecamente parte del futuro.
Una torrida estate a metà degli anni Settanta, scesi a Tricarico con Giancarlo Cesaroni, il “boss” del Folkstudio, per visitare Antonio nella sua vecchia città in provincia di Matera, le cui antiche abitazioni rupestri erano state il set per Il film di Pasolini “Il vangelo secondo Matteo”. Antonio era lì per provare con la prima formazione del suo gruppo i Tarantolati. Arrivando nel pomeriggio sotto un sole spietato, la città medievale sulla collina con il paesaggio circostante sembrava dura e spietata.
La musica ha sempre accompagnato le funzioni quotidiane nelle zone rurali, dalle canzoni di lavoro che alleviano la stanchezza, alle ninna-nanne, ma la chiesa ha proibito ostinatamente l’antica musica rituale, in quanto associata all'idolatria e alle pratiche pagane. Credendo che la loro musica fosse stata data loro come un dono dagli dei, i pagani pensavano invece che piacesse alla natura e agli dei stessi. Avevano soprattutto bisogno della musica per comunicare con i loro antenati. Molta musica antica serviva per contattare i morti. Orfeo richiamò lo spirito della sua defunta moglie dagli inferi attraverso la sua musica.
Matteo Salvatore, Rocco Pasquariello e Antonio Infantino (Copyright, Marocco Music) |
Antonio Infantino, Alfio Antico e Matteo Salvatore a Marechiaro Blues 1986 (Copyright, Marocco Music) |
Compreso Antonio, nel gruppo c’erano una decina di uomini: cantavano, suonavano la chitarra battente a cinque corde doppie, oltre a tamburelli e altre percussioni. La musica andò avanti ininterrottamente per ore; le variazioni dello stesso ritmo e melodia tribale pulsante erano suonate reiteratamente come a produrre una trance. La taranta è soprattutto di impatto. Partecipare musicalmente richiede energia, senso del tempo, un immenso desiderio di liberazione e una quantità di buon vino. Quella notte, nella cantina sotterranea del fornaio, Antonio cantava con l'energia della fiamma ossidrica, la sua voce conteneva la magia sciamanica primordiale della Grecia antica e delle piramidi egizie e il continente perduto di Atlantide. La musica era così intensa che il suo potere risuona per sempre nel mio cuore e nella mia mente.
Era mattina presto quando io e Giancarlo finalmente raggiungemmo le nostre stanze nella semplice pensione, un edificio già in rovina pur se di nuova costruzione, sminuito dalla monumentale chiesa situata dall’altra parte della strada. Poche ore dopo, la forza dei mega-watt della campana della chiesa mi gettò fuori dal letto quando emise il suo primo comando del giorno, convocando i fedeli alla messa.
Francis Kuipers
Traduzione di Ciro De Rosa
English version
The musician, poet and architect Antonio Infantino, the great interpreter of the pagan rite of the Taranta and the other ancient mysteries that were his passion, was a primal force of nature and a visionary in search of liberation. I heard him perform many times and we played together on the stage of Rome’s Folkstudio on a number of occasions. His performances solo, or with his group, were volcanic. His voice, with its fantastic vitality and energy, was unlike any other voice I’ve ever heard. While his music had thousand-years-old iron-hard roots, it felt thrillingly actual and very much part of the future.
One torrid summer in the mid 70’s, ‘Giancarlo Cesaroni, ‘The Boss’ of the Folkstudio, and I drove down to Tricarico, to visit Antonio in his old home town in the province of Matera, whose ancient cave dwellings were the set for Pasolini’s film The Gospel according to St. Matthew. Antonio was there to rehearse with the first formation of his group the Tarantolati. Arriving in the afternoon under a merciless sun, the medieval hilltop town and the landscape around it looked hard and unforgiving.
Music has always accompanied day-to-day functions in rural areas, from work songs alleviating fatigue, to lullabies, but the church adamantly forbade early ritual music, as it was associated with idolatry and pagan practices.
Believing that their music had been given to them as a gift by the gods, pagans instead thought that it pleased nature and the gods. They especially needed music for communicating with their ancestors. Much early music served for contacting the dead.
Orpheus called the spirit of his dead wife back from the underworld through his music. As the myths and movies about zombies remind us, the Christian church dreaded the return of the dead, and it was vehemently opposed to celebrations of the dead. For a long period, it was also against women singing in many parts of Europe, particularly at ceremonies for the dead. Although they regularly incorporated and transformed heathen gods and ancient customs, for centuries the church did everything to eradicate memories of paganism. Images, as well as music and dance, suggesting the possible presence of pagan gods were violently obliterated.
Possibly, one of the reasons why the initiatory rite of the Taranta survived was because it seemed to have therapeutic aspects, curing female dancers of the bite of the feared Tarantula spider. After labouring for hours in the fields under an implacable sun, bent over like slaves amongst snakes and insects, it was hardly surprising that women needed a psychiatric release in the summer. The Taranta dance kept them from going insane.
Great musical styles are born where they are needed most. Like the Blues, they often spring up magically, as a collective concept, where a terrible emergency arises. Originating over a thousand years ago in the Salento and Brindisi area of southern Italy, the Taranta is one of the few early dances left in the entire world, a direct descendant of the music of ancient Greek shamans and Pythagoras’ notion of cosmic harmony. Similar to participants in Pakistani Qawali ceremonies, dancers of the Tarantella normally enter a state of trance and finally collapse in a climactic state of ecstasy.
Parking the car, Giancarlo and I entered the main piazza of Tricarico on foot. It was sweltering hot.
The entire place seemed deserted except for a few black-dressed old men dozing in chairs in the shade. They didn’t show the slightest signs of life except for the movement of their breathing. One elder with a white beard was sleeping next to another man so old he might have been dead. I supposed the rest of the town’s inhabitants were either out in the countryside, or were wisely remaining indoors out of the sun. Nothing was permitted in Tricarico, a young man complained to me later. There was no cinema or entertainment of any kind in those days, apart from that provided on religious feast days and national holidays.
There wasn’t a bar in sight, and the heat was soporific. Waiting for Giancarlo, who went to search for a phone booth to ring Antonio, I sought relief from the heat in a pool of shade under an archway. I had nice cowboy boots then, shoulder-length hair and a big black hat. Using earplugs to listen to a recording of Antonio for the Folkstudio label on my Walkman, my mind drifted off. Giancarlo believed that everyone should have the same opportunity and that every popular musical voice, however obscure, should be heard.
Turning over the cassette, I looked up just in time to avoid a flailing stick wielded by the dead-looking man I’d noticed earlier. Aimed at my head, the stick fortunately only struck my shoulder, but it was a vicious blow intended to kill. Jumping to my feet and rubbing the pain, I cried out and watched the old man scuttle away. I didn’t blame him for freaking out; he must have suffered a shock waking up and suddenly seeing a total stranger. Most likely, he’d mistaken me for the devil.
The rehearsal took place in a large ancient cantina carved deep into the rock beneath a bakery in the historic centre. I doubt persons above ground could hear the music. Including Antonio, about ten men were in the group, singing, playing chitarra battente with five double strings, besides tambourines and other percussion.
The music went on uninterrupted for hours; variations of the same pulsing tribal rhythm and melody were played trance-like over and over. The Taranta is above all impact. Musically taking part in it requires energy, sense of tempo, an immense desire for release, and a quantity of good wine. That night, in the subterranean baker’s cantina, Antonio sang with blowtorch energy; his voice contained the shamanic primeval magic of ancient Greece and the Egyptian pyramids and the lost continent of Atlantis. The music was so intense that its power reverberates in my heart and mind forever.
It was early in the morning when Giancarlo and I at last reached our rooms in the simple pensione, an already falling apart, newly constructed building dwarfed by the monumental church across the street. A few hours later, the mega-watt force of the church bell threw me out of bed as it issued its first command of the day, summoning the faithful to mass.
Francis Kuipers